To ensure a safe and acceptable quality water supply, effective water quality monitoring and management is required. There are many possible situations, some which may arise very quickly, that could cause potentially hazardous situations to develop (e.g. microbiological contamination). Case studies have shown that poor water quality, which is often associated with smaller towns and rural areas can primarily be attributed to a lack of regular assessment/management of water quality, including source water protection, water and wastewater treatment optimization, supply reliability, and maintenance of water quality within the distribution network.
The implementation of monitoring procedures enables assessment of water quality against accepted standards/guidelines (e.g. SABS 241 - 2001: Specification for Water for Domestic Supplies, DWAF General Authorisation General Limits, etc). Compliance with water quality standards/guidelines provides assurance that the water supplied to households and effluents discharged to the environment are safe. Further to monitoring, both professional evaluation of collected results, and implementation of corrective action (when required) are vital aspects to the successful operation of a water quality management programme.
Implementation of a Water Quality Management Programme normally achieves the following:
- The inception and development of a water quality database.
- The development of an understanding of the water system.
- Ability to identify and address issues requiring urgent attention.
- Provision of expert guidance with regards to management and upgrading of the water system.
- Training of municipal staff to successfully run a suitable water quality management programme.